Fundamentals of Computer

A computer is an electronic device that helps us perform most of our activities with speed and precision. It is used in schools, offices, banks, hospitals and even at home. Hardware, software, input and output devices, algorithms and flowcharts are concepts that we must learn to have more insight into computers.

Hardware

Hardware is described as the physical components of a computer which we can touch and see.

Examples of hardware are the following:

  • Monitor
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit)
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Printer
  • Hard disk

The computer system structure is made up of hardware.

Software

A computer program is a collection of instructions that instruct the computer on what to do.
Software is non-touchable, unlike hardware.

Software is in two major categories:

System Software

This regulates the general working of the computer.
Example: Operating System.

Application Software

This is to assist us in doing certain activities like typing, drawing or surfing the internet.
The computer is a combination of hardware and software.

Input and Output Devices

A computer has the following three steps:

Input → Process → Output

Input Devices

  • This equipment aids in feeding information into the computer.
  • Examples: microphone, keyboard, scanner, mouse.

Output Devices

  • The products of our work are displayed on these devices.
  • Examples: speakers, a printer, and a monitor.

Introduction to Algorithm

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.

As an example, instructions on how to make tea can be described as an algorithm:

  • Boil water.
  • Add tea leaves.
  • Add sugar and milk.
  • Stir and serve.

Algorithms are used to solve problems in computers in a definite and organised manner.

Introduction to Flowchart

A flowchart is a diagram illustrating the algorithmic steps by symbols.

Common symbols include:

  • Oval - Start or End
  • Rectangle - Process
  • Diamond – Decision
  • Arrow - Flow of steps

Flowcharts ease the process of comprehending the way a program operates.

Application of Algorithm and Flowchart

Algorithm and Flowchart

  • Assist in problem-solving in stages.
  • Make programming easier
  • Reduce errors
  • Improve logical thinking

The General Information of Computers

  • Computers work very fast.
  • They give accurate results.
  • They are able to hold masses of information.
  • They do what the users tell them.

QUIZ FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS

1. You are undertaking a project in school. What part of a computer enables you to view the results of your work on the screen?

A) Printer
B) Monitor
C) Mouse
D) CPU

Answer: B) Monitor

2. When you wish to do something, such as typing a letter or using the internet, what software would allow you to accomplish that?

A) System Software
B) Application Software
C) Input Device Software
D) Algorithm Software

Answer: B) Application Software.

3. What device do you use to write your information into a computer so that it can be processed?

A) Printer
B) Keyboard
C) Monitor
D) Speakers

Answer: B) Keyboard

4. Take an example where you are telling a computer how to make your favourite sandwich. Which one of the following would assist you in planning the steps?

A) Flowchart
B) Input Device
C) Operating System
D) Monitor

Answer: A) Flowchart

5. What concept(s) would you use to solve a problem on the computer following a series of steps?

A) Algorithm
B) Monitor
C) CPU
D) Mouse

Answer: A) Algorithm

6. How would you test if your computer is performing something correctly, such as testing whether the task is done?

A) Flowchart
B) Printer
C) Input Device
D) Output Device

Answer: A) Flowchart

7. When you have to decide things, such as "Would I like sugar or not?" What would be the symbol in a flowchart in a computer program?

A) Oval
B) Diamond
C) Rectangle
D) Arrow

Answer: B) Diamond

8. You would like to save what you have done on your computer. What is the device that will enable you to retain such information even when the computer is switched off?

A) CPU
B) Printer
C) Hard Disk
D) Monitor

Answer: C) Hard Disk

9. What are some of the devices that will assist you in getting information on the computer, such as a document you have written?

A) Keyboard
B) Mouse
C) Printer
D) Scanner

Answer: C) Printer

10. A problem in your computer requires a step-by-step procedure of solution, as in a recipe. What is the name of this step-by-step?

A) Flowchart
B) Algorithm
C) System Software
D) Application Software

Answer: B) Algorithm