Fundamentals of Computers

Computers are smart machines that can help us to learn, work, and play.
They are applied in schools, homes, offices and almost everywhere.
Now, let us learn about the simplest parts and applications of the computer.

Components of a Computer

A computer is a combination of several parts which work together.

Monitor

Shows text, pictures and videos.
Shows our work on the screen.
Looks like a TV.

MONITOR


CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Brain functions are like the computer brain.
Controls all operations.
Data and instructions of the process.

CPU


Keyboard

Typed with letters and figures.
Help us with writing homework.
Composed of many keys.

KEYBOARD


Mouse

Used for moving the pointer.
Helps in clicking and choosing.
Makes our work easier.

MOUSE


Printer

Prints work on paper.
Provides hard copies.
Prints images and notes.

PRINTER


Speakers

This sound gets out of the computer.
Helps us listen to music.
Used in online classes.

SPEAKER


Scanner

Copies text and images.
Paperwork is digitised.
Saves files on the computer.

SCANNER


Input and Output Devices

Input and output devices are the devices that help us in providing the instructions and receiving outputs.

Input Devices

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Microphone
  • Scanner


These tools relay the information to the computer.

INPUT DEVICE

Output Devices

  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speakers
  • Headphone


These devices present our work results.

OUTPUT DEVICE

Memory and Storage Devices

Memory assists the computer in holding information.

Primary Memory

Stores data for a short time
Works when the computer is on
Clears when power is off

Example: RAM

Secondary Storage Devices

These are long-term store datas.

Hard Disk

Stores large data
Inside the computer
Keeps files safe

HARD DISK


Pen Drive

Small and portable
Easy to carry
Used to transfer files

PEN DRIVE


CD/DVD

Round disks
Store music and videos
Used in computers

CD/DVD


Memory Card

Small storage device
Used in cameras and phones
Stores photos and videos

MEMORY CARD


General computer information.

There are some facts about computers which are important:

Computers are electronic machines.
They work very fast.
They are obedient to our orders.
They do not think on their own.
They never get tired.
They give correct results.

Uses of Computers

Computers are utilised everywhere –

At home for study and games
In schools for learning
In offices for work
In hospitals for records
In banks, money works

USES

Good Computer Habits

GOOD COMPUTER HABITS

QUIZ FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS

1. Which of them is an input device that will assist you in typing on the computer?

A) Keyboard
B) Printer
C) Mouse
D) Monitor

Answer: A) Keyboard

2. What is the most important role of a mouse in a computer?

A) Type letters and numbers
B) Click and choose things.
C) Display text and pictures
D) Print documents

Answer: B) Click and choose things.

3. What tool do you use to view the work that you have done on the computer?

A) CPU
B) Monitor
C) Mouse
D) Speaker

Answer: B) Monitor

4. What does RAM do in a computer?

A) To save huge files permanently.
B) To store temporary information while the computer is on.
C) To print documents
D) To display images

Answer: B) To store temporary information while the computer is on.

5. Which device temporarily stores data?

A) Hard Disk
B) RAM
C) Pen Drive
D) Memory Card

Answer: B) RAM

6. What is the purpose of a hard disc in a computer?

A) To temporarily store data
B) To permanently store a huge amount of data.
C) To project images on the screen.
D) To move the mouse

Answer: B) To permanently store a huge amount of data.

7. What does a pen drive do?

A) Stores files permanently and shares them between computers.
B) Make phone calls
C) Print documents
D) Play games

Answer: A) Stores files permanently and shares them between computers.

8. What do memory cards in camera devices and mobile phones do?

A) Store pictures and videos.
B) Printing documents
C) Moving the pointer
D) Typing letters

Answer: A) Store pictures and videos.

9. What will happen if you store a file on a CD/DVD?

A) It is permanently storing data and can be used to listen to music or watch movies.
B) It is only a short-term storage of pictures.
C) It enhances speed in the computer.
D) It is a short-term storage of data.

Answer: A) It is permanently storing data and can be used to listen to music or watch movies.

10. Which of these storage devices is portable and can be easily carried to transfer files among computers?

A) Hard Disk
B) Pen Drive
C) RAM
D) Memory Card

Answer: B) Pen Drive